What is Gestalt Psychology
Gestalt Psychology
This school of Psychology was founded in Germany about 1912 by Max Wertheimer and his colleagues Kurt Koffka and Wolfgang Kohler. These pioneer psychologists felt that structuralists were wrong in thinking of the mind as being made up of elements. They maintained that the mind is not made up of a combination of simple elements. The German word Gestalt means “form” or “configuration”, and the Gestalt psychologists maintained that the mind should be thought of as resulting from the whole pattern of sensory activity and the relationships and organisations within this pattern. For instance, we recognise a tune when it is transposed to another key; the elements have changed, but the pattern of relationships has stayed the same. Or, to take yet another example, when you look at the dots in figure below, your mental experience is not just the dots, or elements, but of a square and a triangle sitting on a line.It is the organisation of the dots and their relationships that determine the mental experience you have. Thus, the point made by the Gestalt psychologists in their opposition to structuralism was, mental experience depends on the patterning and organisation of elements and is not due simply to the compounding of elements. In simpler words, according to the Gestalt psychologists, the mind is best understood in terms of the ways elements are organised. Gestaltists were mainly concerned about the element of form or organisation which unifies behaviour, particularly perceptual behaviour.

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